Those sanctioned will have their assets frozen within US jurisdiction, and US citizens will be barred from doing business with them, the US treasury department said on Thursday.
The new sanctions package was aimed at stepping up pressure on supporters of President Nicolas Maduro amid growing international concern over a Crackdown on mass street protests.
"The Venezuelan people are suffering from a collapsing economy brought about by their government's mismanagement and corruption," Steven Mnuchin, the US treasury secretary, said in a statement.
"Members of the country's Supreme Court of Justice have exacerbated the situation by consistently interfering with the legislative branch's authority," he said.